In our repair and maintenance process, we deal with lubricating oil the most. Usually, the most work we do is to do maintenance. Every time we maintain, we need to change the oil and machine filter, everyone thinks that changing oil is the simplest job. In fact, there are still a lot of knowledge in lubricating oil. Let's learn from its components first.
1 Composition of lubrication system:
1) oil Pan-- It is used to store engine oil and can also play a certain role in heat dissipation.
2) oil pump-Its main function is to extract the oil from the oil pan and pressurize it to lubricate the surfaces of various oil pipelines and parts of the engine to maintain the circulation of lubricating oil. Oil pump is usually installed in oil pan and driven by timing belt, chain or gear.
3) oil Filter-- To filter impurities, sludge, small iron filings and water in the oil to ensure clean lubricating oil in the oil channel. Generally, 5000-10000 kilometers are replaced with engine oil.
4) pressure limiting valve-- Installed next to the oil filter base, the main function is to open the bypass valve when the oil filter is blocked and let the lubricating oil directly enter main oil Gallery to prevent the pressure of the oil pump from being too high, at the same time, when the lubrication pressure of main oil Gallery is too low, the lubrication effect of main oil Gallery is guaranteed to prevent the parts to be lubricated from being damaged.
5) main oil gallery-- An important part of the lubrication system is directly cast on the cylinder block and cylinder cover to ensure that each system of the engine delivers lubricating oil.
6) oil pump suction tube and filter screen-- It is the first passage for the oil to enter the lubrication system, which is usually soaked in the bottom of the oil pan, and the suction oil is pressurized to the surface of each part through the oil pump.
7) oil pressure switch-- When the engine is idling and the main oil Gallery pressure is lower than 180KPa, the contact in the pressure switch is closed, and the instrument warning light or buzzer is lit to warn.
2 The function of lubricating oil:
1) Lubrication-- Establish oil film on the surface of parts to reduce friction between metal surfaces.
2) cooling-- The heat generated by the parts can be scattered to the outside of the engine.
3) cleaning-- Bring trace metal chips and carbide sludge generated by parts to the oil pan.
4) sealing-- Lubricating oil can be adsorbed on the surface of metal to a certain degree of sealing.
5) anti-rust and anti-corrosion-- A protective film can be formed on the surface of the metal to prevent the invasion of acidic and harmful substances.
6) shock absorption and buffer-- Prevent damage caused by excessive impact.
7) force transfer-- The solenoid valve of modern new cars controls the opening of the valve by transferring pressure through lubricating oil.
3 Lubrication Method of lubricating oil:
1) flood lubrication-- Oil is supplied to the surface of each component by the pressure of the oil pump, such as crankshaft, camshaft and other components.
2) splash lubrication-- Lubrication by oil droplets flying from moving parts, such as piston and cylinder wall, valve cam, etc.
4 Common faults and maintenance methods of lubrication system:
1) at present, the lubricating oil replacement cycle for vehicles is 3 to 6 months, and the mileage is 5000 to 10000KM. Why is there still a time period? Some may say that my car can not change oil if it is not used very much, because the engine oil also has a shelf life, which will produce oxidation, therefore, if the car runs less, it will be replaced according to the 6-month cycle. If the car runs more, it will be replaced according to the kilometers. When changing the oil, it must be replaced with the filter element.
2) the pressure is not enough, and the oil pressure lamp alarms. Most of the reasons for this failure are that the maintenance is not in place at ordinary times. After a long time, there is oil mud on the filter screen of the oil pump blocking the oil inlet passage, resulting in poor oil intake and reducing the pressure of main oil Gallery. This fault can be avoided by changing oil on time or in kilometers.
3) some high-end cars are trouble light bright, and the most common is CMP camshaft position signal failure. This situation is usually caused by the failure caused by insufficient lubricating oil pressure or impurities blocking the oil passage in the oil, because the pressure source of the solenoid valve is lubricating oil.
The use and function of lubricating oil are very important. Don't ignore its importance just because the oil change operation seems simple!
